RiseoftheRMB
人民幣大躍進
Latelastyear,withtheBoXilaiscandaldominatingChinesepoliticsanduncertaintyremainingoverthePRC’sleadershiptransition,manyanalystsexpectedsignificantdepreciationoftheChineseyuan.Thiswasano-brainerbecausethetrendhasbeenfortheRMBtodropinthesesituations.TherewasalsotheaddedpressureonChineseexporterswhowerestrugglinginthefaceofaglobalslowdown.
Butthensomethingfunnyhappened.Bo’sdisgracewascompletedwithhisejectionfromtheNationalPeople’sCongress,andXiJinping’sascenttothepresidency?wasgiventhethumbsup.Suddenlytherewasaclimateofstability,andtheChineseyuansoaredtoa19-yearhighof6.238totheU.S.dollar.Theresolutionofthepoliticaluncertaintieswascitedastheprimemover.
Ofcourse,otherfactorswereatplayand,whiletheRenminbihasnothitthegiddyheightsoflastOctober,ithasremainedbuoyantthroughamixofgovernmentandmarketforces.Firstly,theadministration’sdecisiontodoublethedailytradingbandagainstthegreenbackto1percentisamajorsteptowardtheliberalizationofChina’sexchange-rateregime.Thereistalkofthebandbeingfurtherwidened.Offshoretrading,whichhasawiderbandthanthatdictatedbythegovernment,isalsohavingabigsayintheyuan’sdirection.TheinternationalizationofthecurrencyhasmeantthatChinesetraderstypicallyoffer3-percentdiscountsonRMBtransactions,helpingtradepartnersmitigateforeignexchangerisk.
去年年底,由於薄熙來的醜聞主宰中國政界以及領導人交接所留待的不確定性,許多分析師預期人民幣會大幅貶值。毫無疑問,這些情況會讓人民幣呈現下跌的趨勢。中國出口商在面臨全球經濟成長趨緩時的掙扎也增添了壓力。
然而奇怪的事情發生了。薄熙來的不光采事件在他被全國人民代表大會逐出後落幕,習近平晉升為最高領導人則搏得了滿堂采。局勢突然穩定,人民幣飆升至6.238元兌1美元的19年新高。政治不確定性的解除被指為主要驅動因素。
當然,其他因素也有影響力,當人民幣還未衝到去年十月的驚人新高時,就因幾股政府和市場勢力而維持著看漲的態勢。首先,中國政府決定將美元兌換的每日交易波動區間加倍至1%,這是邁向解放中國匯率體系的一大步。有耳語指出波動區間會再放寬。波動區間較中國政府所支配的更寬的境外貿易,同樣對人民幣走向有極大的影響力。貨幣的國際化代表中國貿易商在進行人民幣交易時一般會提供3%的折扣,這能幫助貿易夥伴減輕外匯風險。